Al-Aqidah al-Islamiyah Bashri al-Marghubi In English (US)

GETTING TO KNOW ALLAH TA’ALA

What are the obligatory attributes of Allah?
There are 20 obligatory attributes of Allah: Existent, Prior, Eternal, Different from creatures, Self-standing, One, Powerful, Willing, Knowing, Living, Hearing, Seeing, Speaking, Almighty, Willing, Knowing, Living, Hearing, Seeing, Speaking.

What are the impossible attributes for Allah?
There are 20 impossible attributes of Allah: None, New, Broken, Similar to creatures, Need for place and renewal, Many, Weak, Forced, Stupid, Dead, Deaf, Blind, Dumb, All Weak, All Forced, All Stupid, All Dead, All Deaf, All Blind, All Dumb.

What are the jaiz (permissible) attributes for Allah?
There is one permissible attribute for Allah, which is to do everything that is possible or to leave it. Allah swt. Says: If He wills, He will surely have mercy on you, and if He wills, He will surely torment you. (QS. Al-Isro’54)

What is the meaning of existence and what is its evidence?
The meaning of wujud is the determination and certainty of the existence of Allah, the Almighty. The proof is the existence of all these creatures, because if Allah does not exist, it means that Allah does not exist, and if Allah did not exist, all these creatures would not be found. Allah swt. says

“There is no secret talk between three people, but He is the fourth. And there are not five, but He is the sixth. And there is neither less nor more, but He is surely with them wherever they are.” (QS. Al Mujaadilah7)


What is the meaning of qidam and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of qidam is that there is no beginning to the existence of Allah.
The evidence for this is that Allah is the One who created all things that exist, and if something was created before the existence of Allah, then it means that Allah is a new entity, and this is false.
Allah says

He is the First, the Last, the Outward, and the Inward, and He knows all things. (QS. Al-Hadiid3)

S What is the meaning of baqo’ and what is the evidence for it?
A The meaning of baqo’ is that there is no end to the existence of Allah.
The evidence for this is that if Allah is corrupted, then Allah is a new entity, which is false.
Allah says: Everything must perish except Allah. (Al-Qoshosh88)

What is the meaning of mukholafatu lil hawaditsi and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of mukholafatu lil hawaditsi is that Allah is not like the creation.
The evidence for this is that if Allah is like creatures, then Allah is a new entity and this is false.
Allah says

There is none like Him, and He is All-Hearing and All-Seeing. (Sūrat Ash-Shūra11)

What does qiyamuhu binafsihi mean and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of qiyamuhu binafsihi is that Allah does not need anyone.
The evidence for this is that if Allah needed anyone else, then Allah would be weak, and if Allah were weak then none of these creatures would have been created, and the weakness of Allah is false.
Allah says

Indeed, Allah is rich (in need of nothing) of all the worlds. (Al-Ankabut6)

What is the meaning of wahdaniyat and what is its evidence?
The meaning of wahdaniyat is that Allah is the One, with no partner in His actions, attributes or essence.
The evidence for this is that if Allah had a partner, there would be strife and quarrels between the two, which would cause the world to fall apart.
And even if they were at peace, then each of them would have an advantage in what they do, which means that they would also have a weakness or inability to do what the other does, and this for Allah is false.
Allah says

If there had been gods besides Allah in both the heavens and the earth, both would have perished. (QS. Al-Anbiya’22)

And your Lord is the One God. (QS. Al-Baqarah163)

What is the meaning of Qudrah and what is the evidence for it?
A The meaning of qudrah is Allah’s ability to create and negate whatever He wills, based on His will.
The evidence is that if Allah Swt. were a weak Being, He would not be able to create even a mosquito. Allah swt. says

Verily, Allah is mighty over all things. (QS. Al-Baqarah20)

What is the meaning of iradah and what is its evidence?
The meaning of iradah is that Allah swt. determines something before creating it. The evidence is that if Allah swt. had to do something then Allah is a weak being, and if Allah was a weak being, then all these creatures would not have been created.
Allah says

And your Lord created and chose. (QS. Al- Qoshosh68) what He wills.

What is the meaning of knowledge and what is its evidence?
The meaning of knowledge is to know what has passed, what is happening and what is to come.
The evidence for this is that if Allah were ignorant, then He would not be able to manage His creation, and if Allah were weak, then He would be a new entity, which is false.
Allah says:
Verily, Allah is All-Knowing of all things. (Al-Mujaadilah7)

What is the meaning of hayat and what is its evidence?
The meaning of life is that Allah is a living being that will not cease to exist. The evidence for this is that if Allah were a dead being, then there would be no one to manage the universe, and it would undoubtedly be corrupted.
Allah says: Allah, there is no god but He. The Ever-Living, who constantly takes care of (His creatures) and neither slumbers nor sleeps. (QS. Al-Baqarah225)

What is the meaning of sama’ and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of sama’ is that something is revealed that Allah can hear, and Allah can hear everything without ears or earlobes.
The evidence for this is that if Allah is deaf, then He has a defect, and if He has a defect, then Allah is a new entity. This is false.
Allah says:

Or do they think that We do not hear their secrets and whispers? In truth, We hear, and Our messengers (angels) are always taking notes with them. (QS, Az-Zukhruf80)

What is the meaning of bashor and what is its evidence?
The meaning of bashor is that everything is visible to Allah; Allah sees without eyes or eyeballs.
The evidence for this is that if Allah is blind, then Allah is deformed. If Allah is deformed, then Allah is a new entity, and this is false.
Allah says

There is nothing like Him. And He is the All-Hearing and All-Seeing. (Sūrat Ash-Shuura11)

What is the meaning of kalam and what is its evidence?
The meaning of kalam is to speak. Allah speaks without using letters and sounds.
The evidence for this is that if Allah were mute, then Allah would have a defect. If He had a defect, it would mean that Allah is a new entity, which is false.
Allah said

And to Moses, Allah spoke directly. (QS. An-Nisa’164)

What are the benefits of believing in the attributes of Allah?
The benefits of believing in these attributes are to always remember Allah in good times and bad, to always fear Allah when you are with people and when you are alone, and to be sincere in worshipping Allah so as to gain happiness in this world and enjoyment in the Hereafter.

RECOGNIZE THE MESSENGERS

S Who is a messenger?
A Messengers are certain people whom Allah sends to people to invite them to worship Allah, to give good news of entering Paradise to those who obey Him and to frighten those who disbelieve and deny them with entering Hell.
Allah says

And we did not send Messengers except as bearers of glad tidings and warners. (QS. Al-Kahf56)

What is the difference between a messenger and a prophet?
An apostle is a specific person who is given a revelation by Allah with a law to convey to the creatures.
A prophet is a person who is given revelation by Allah for himself and is not commanded to convey it to the creation.

What is the total number of prophets?
It is not possible to know the total number of prophets, but we must know the names of the prophets mentioned in the Qur’an, which number 25,
Adam, Idris, Noah, Hud, Sholeh, Ibrahim, Luth, Ishmael, Ishaq, Yaqub, Yusuf, Ayyub, Shuaib, Musa, Harun, Dzulkifli, David, Sulaiman, Ilyas, Ilyasa’, Yunus, Zakaria, Yahya, Isa, Muhammad.

What are the obligatory characteristics of the apostles?
The mandatory traits possessed by the apostles are: Honest, Trustworthy, Conveying,
Intelligent.

What is the meaning of honesty and what is the evidence?
The meaning of Shiddiq is to convey news according to reality. Shidig is the opposite of lying) The apostles were all truthful both in speech and action, because if the apostles lied or lied then the guidance they conveyed would be misguided.
The evidence for truthfulness is the apparent miracles of the messengers.


What is the meaning of trustworthiness and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of trustworthiness is the guardianship and purity of the messengers from sinful deeds and all deeds that cause people to avoid them because the messengers are the role models of mankind. If the messengers had done bad deeds, they would have led people astray from the right path and the wisdom of sending them would have been in vain.
The evidence for this is that Allah commands us to follow in their footsteps. If they betrayed us by doing haraam or makrooh actions, then we would also be commanded to do haraam or makrooh things, even though Allah has never commanded us to do haraam or makrooh actions.

What is the meaning of conveying and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of conveying is to convey to people what Allah has commanded them to convey. If they had kept back what Allah commanded them to do, then the wisdom of sending them would have been in vain.
The evidence for conveying is that if the messengers had kept something secret, we would have been commanded to keep it (Allah’s commands) secret, which is a betrayal that is forbidden and the one who does it will be cursed.

What does intelligent mean and what is the evidence for it?
The meaning of intelligence is intelligence, cleverness and eloquence. Fathonah is an inherent attribute of the messengers that makes them intelligent, so that they have no difficulty in giving answers to those who ask them. The evidence is that if the messengers were stupid, then they would not be able to answer those who oppose them with clear evidence or arguments.

What trait is impossible for the apostles to possess?
There are four attributes that are impossible for the messengers to possess, namely: Lying, Disobedience, Secrecy.
Stupid.

What are the jaiz traits that the apostles are entitled to?
The jaiz traits that an apostle has the right to possess are everything that does not cause a reduction in the noble degree of the apostle such as eating, drinking, hunger, thirst, illness, selling, buying, dying, living, resting, and struggling. So it is not permissible for an apostle to have traits that can eliminate the purpose of being sent an apostle. For example: blindness, leprosy and insanity.

MIRACLES OF THE MESSENGERS

What is a miracle?
A miracle is an extraordinary thing that is beyond human ability. Miracles do not appear except on the person who claims to be an apostle to prove the truth of his claim.

Are the miracles of the apostles the same?
The miracles of the apostles were not the same, but the miracles of the apostles varied according to the circumstances of their people.

What was the miracle of Prophet Jesus?
Allah gave a miracle to Prophet Isa A.s that he could bring dead people back to life, could heal people who were blind from birth and people affected by leprosy, because the people at the time of Prophet Isa A.s were famous in the field of medicine so Prophet Isa A.s weakened them with his medical knowledge.

What was the miracle of Prophet Musa As. ?
Allah gave a miracle to Prophet Moses As. in the form of turning a stick into a walking snake, issuing white light from his collar like the sun, because Prophet Moses As was sent to Pharaoh and to his people, the Children of Israel who were famous for their witchcraft. So the Prophet Moses As. defeated their magic so that all the magicians became faithful to the Prophet Moses As. .

 

What is the Miracle of Prophet Muhammad PBUH?
The miracles of the Prophet Muhammad are many but the greatest is the Qur’an which has been able to weaken the writers, they will not be able to create a single letter that resembles the Qur’an.
Allah says

“Say, verily, if men and jinn were gathered together to make anything like this Qur’an, they would not be able to make anything like it, even if they helped one another.” QS. Al-Isro’88)

What are the books revealed to the prophets?
There are four books that were revealed to the messengers to maintain the Shari’ah:
Zabur, revealed to Prophet David (peace be upon him).
The Torah, revealed to Prophet Moses (peace be upon him).
Injil, revealed to Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him).
The Qur’an, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad Saw.
In addition there are still other books or mushaf that were revealed to the prophets. It’s just that these books have changed and changed from the original.

GETTING TO KNOW THE ANGELS

What are angels?
Angels are sentient beings created from light who are capable of manifesting in various forms, passing in front of us but we cannot see them, they can do work that cannot be done by humans.

They are the noble servants. (QS. Al-Anbiya’26)

who do not disobey Allah in what He has commanded them and always do what is commanded. (QS. At-Tahrim6)
The angels neither eat nor drink.


What are the attributes of angels?
The attributes of angels are in the unseen realm, which we are not obliged to know. Allah says:

We do not send down angels except with truth (to bring punishment) and they are then given a reprieve. (QS. Al-Hjr8)

Who is the most famous angel?
The most famous angels are Jibril, Mikail, Isrofil and Izroil.

RECOGNIZING THE JINN

What is a jinn?
Jinn are souls created from fire, they have the ability to transform into various forms, there are Muslims and disbelievers and there are good and bad ones, jinn cannot attach themselves to human bodies, nor do they bother people on the road.

KNOWING THE DAY OF JUDGMENT

What is the Day of Judgment?
The Day of Judgment is the day when Allah returns our souls to our bodies. And brings us back to life after we die.
Allah says: after that gather you on the Day of Resurrection of which there is no doubt. (QS. Al-Jatsiyah26)

What is ba’ts?
Ba’ts is the resurrection of human beings from the grave on the Day of Resurrection with bodies that are known to have been separated.
Allah says: And that every soul may be rewarded according to what it has done. (QS. Al-Jatsiyah22)

You will be returned to it as you were created. (QS. Al-A’rof29)

Then, indeed, you will be raised (from your graves) on the Day of Resurrection. (QS. Al-Mu’minun16)

What is hishab?
Hisab is Allah’s reckoning of all the deeds of His servants on the Day of Resurrection. Allah says: Whoever does even a dharrah’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does even a dharrah’s weight of evil will see it. (QS. Al-Zalzalah7-8)

If you reveal what is in your hearts or conceal it, Allah will take it into account for you. He forgives whom He wills” and punishes whom He wills. Allah is All-Powerful over all things. (QS. Al-Baqarah284)

What is Paradise?
Paradise is a place of pleasure that has been provided by Allah for all His good servants. As explained by Allah in Surah Maryam verse 61

Paradise ‘Adn has been promised by the most merciful Lord to His servants, even though (it) is not visible. (QS. Maryam61)

The parable of the garden of Paradise, which is promised to the pious, is that there are rivers of water that do not become brackish, and rivers of milk that does not change its taste, and rivers of wine that does not intoxicate) that are delicious to the drinker, and rivers of pure honey. (QS. Muhammad15)
And no one will enter Paradise except those who worship Allah, who fear Allah and do good to people.

What is hell?
It is a place reserved by Allah to torment His sinful servants. Allah says

When that Day comes, no one will speak except by His permission, so some of them will be miserable and some of them will be happy. As for those who are miserable, their place is in Hell, where they breathe out and breathe in moaning, and they will remain therein as long as there is heaven and earth, unless your Lord wills otherwise. Verily your Lord is Executor of what He has willed. And as for those who are happy, their place is in Paradise, and they will remain therein as long as there is a heaven and an earth.” (Hud105-108)

Who is the wretched person?
It is the one whose deeds are bad, and Allah is angry with him and curses him. They are the ones who will remain in the Hellfire.
Allah says

whose fuel is man and stone, and whose guardians are harsh and stern angels who do not disobey Allah in what He commands them and always do what they are commanded. (QS. At-Tahrim6)

S Who is the happy person?
A They are those who believe in Allah, the angels, the books, the messengers and the Last Day, and do good deeds.
On the Day of Resurrection, the doors of Paradise will be opened for them, and they will enter with other happy people, enjoying the fruits of their deeds.
Allah says

They rejoice in the bounty that Allah has given them. (QS. Ali Imran170)
And it is said to them,

(Say to them), “Eat and drink with pleasure in return for what you have done.” (QS. Al-Mursalat43)

And that is the Paradise bequeathed to you for what you have done. In Paradise there are fruits for you to eat. (QS. Az-Zuhrut72-73)

GETTING TO KNOW THE PROPHET

Who is the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)?
He is the Seal of the Prophets and the Leader of the Messengers, sent by Allah with guidance and the true religion to guide people and bring them out of the darkness of polytheism.

What is the period of Prophet Muhammad’s life history.
As for the life history of the Prophet Muhammad there are 3
1. Starting from his birth until he was sent to become an apostle.
2. Starting from being sent as an apostle until his hijrah.
3. From his hijrah to his death.

What is the summary of the first period of the Prophet Muhammad’s life?
The Prophet Muhammad was born in Makkah in the year of the elephant after the death of his father (when he was still in the womb), the mother of the Prophet Muhammad died when he was 6 years old and then the Prophet Muhammad was taken care of by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, then taken care of by his uncle Abu Talib. The Prophet Muhammad PBUH, went to the Levant with his uncle when he was 9 years old. The Prophet Muhammad Saw.

married Siti Khadijah, after he went to Levant for the second time. Siti Khadijah accompanied the prophet for 25 years, she was the mother of all the sons and daughters of the prophet, except for the son named Ibrahim.

How many sons and daughters did the Prophet have?
The number of sons and daughters of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was 7, namely

1. Abdullah
2. Qasim
3. Ibrahim
4. Fatimah
5. Zainab
6. Ruqayah
7. Ummi Kultsum

What is the summary of the 2nd period of the Prophet Muhammad’s life?
When the Prophet Muhammad was 40 years old, Allah appointed him as His apostle. Then he preached secretly for 3 years. After that, he preached openly based on the command of Allah. So, those who were guided by Allah, the Almighty, believed and some opposed. The Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) underwent a lot of torture.

Then when the Quraysh agreed to kill the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), he migrated to Medina. He migrated to Medina after staying in Makkah for 13 years to invite his people to worship Allah SWT. and leave worshiping idols.

With whom did the Prophet Muhammad migrate to Medina?
The Prophet emigrated to Medina with Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. He left his house at night, after he left Ali bin Abi Talib (sleeping) in his bed, he hid in the cave of Tsur for 3 days.

How is the 3rd period of the Prophet’s life summarized?
After the Prophet’s hijrah, he invited people to Islam and in the middle of the hijrah journey, the Prophet was commanded by Allah to wage jihad. The Prophet participated in 27 battles until the opening of Makkah and the influx of people to the religion of Allah in droves. Then the Prophet returned to Medina and died there in the month of Rabi’ul Awwal in the year 11 Hijriyah which coincides with the year 633 AD. When he died, the Prophet was 63 years old

GET TO KNOW THE KHULAFAURRASYIDIN

Who was responsible for spreading Islam after the death of the Prophet?
That is Khulafaur Rashidin, they are

1. Sayyidina Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq R.a.
2. Sayyidina Umar bin Khattab R.a.
3. Sayyidina Ustman bin Affan R.a.
4. Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib Karamallahu Wajhah.

What is the summary of the life history of Sayyidina Abu Bakr R.a?
Abu Bakr Ra was the first adult male to enter Islam. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) died, some of the Arabs left Islam (apostatized), so he immediately fought them until they returned to Islam. After that, he sent his troops to liberate Persia and Sham.
He then died in Medina in the year 13 AH at the age of 63. His caliphate lasted for 2 years, 3 months and 9 days.

What is the summary of the life history of Sayyidina Umar bin Khattab R.a?
Umar bin Khattab was the best person in behavior and justice, he was also the first person to be called Amirul Mukminin (leader of the believers). He was the one who made the Hijri calendar, he was also the first to protect religion (when harassed) and was feared by everyone until the ruler of the Persian empire was also afraid of him. During the caliphate of Umar bin Khattab, the liberation of Iraq, Sham, and other cities was glorious.
He died because he was stabbed by Abu Lu’lu’ah who was Majusi when he did the morning prayer in the mosque, his age when he died was 63 years old, he was buried next to the grave of the Prophet Muhammad Saw. his caliphate lasted for 10 years 6 months confinement 2 days, he was the second Khulafaur Rashidin.

What is the summary of the life history of Sayyidina Uthman R.a?
Uthman bin Affan was the third Khulafaur Rashidin, he was married to the two daughters of the prophet namely Ruqoyyah and Ummu Kultsum, he was a friendly and affectionate person to his people and he also gave up a lot of his property to strengthen Islam and help people in jihad. During the caliphate of Uthman bin Affan, the rule of the second Persian empire ended and Islam spread to India in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the west. At the end of his life, there was a division among the Arabs that resulted in them besieging his house, until he was killed while reading the Quran in the year 33 AH. He was 82 years old at the time, and his body was buried in Baqi’ cemetery. His caliphate lasted 13 years and 12 days.

What is the summary of Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib’s life history?
Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib was the fourth caliph, he was the husband of Sayyidah Fatimah the daughter of the Messenger of Allah. He was a brave and eloquent person, he participated in all wars with the prophet except the war of Abuk. He was the warlord who opened the land of Aibar.
During his caliphate there were many slanders that divided the Muslims. So he fought with Mu’awiyah in several battles, the most famous of which was the battle of Shiffin, -no one won between them-, until the Khawarjj appeared.
They killed Sayyidina ‘Ali secretly in the mosque of Kuffah in 40 AH and he was 63 years old at the time. His caliphate lasted four years, nine months and eight days. “Walhamdu lillahi rabbil alamin”.